Substance profile
1,1-Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloroethane is colorless, oily liquid with an aromatic ethereal odor.
01 · Identification
What 1,1-Dichloroethane is
1,1-Dichloroethane is colorless, oily liquid with an aromatic ethereal odor. It boils at 57.4 °C, melts at -96.9 °C.
Under the GHS it carries the signal word Danger. It is classed as hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs).
02 · Identifiers
1,1-Dichloroethane identifiers and molecular data
1,1-Dichloroethane CAS number and EC number
1,1-Dichloroethane molecular formula and molecular weight
03 · GHS classification
1,1-Dichloroethane hazard classification
Harmonised classification under CLP Annex VI. This is the legally binding classification in the EU; other jurisdictions may differ.
1,1-Dichloroethane pictograms and signal word
1,1-Dichloroethane hazard class and category
| Hazard class | Category | From code | Pictogram |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flammable liquids GHS chapter 2.6 | Category 2 | H225 | GHS02 |
| Acute toxicity - oral GHS chapter 3.1 | Category 4 | H302 | GHS07 |
| Serious eye damage/eye irritation GHS chapter 3.3 | Category 2A | H319 | GHS07 |
| Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure GHS chapter 3.8 | Category 3 | H335 | GHS07 |
| Hazardous to the aquatic environment - chronic GHS chapter 4.1 | Category 3 | H412 | — |
1,1-Dichloroethane hazard statements (H-codes)
| Code | Hazard statement |
|---|---|
| H225 | Highly flammable liquid and vapour. |
| H302 | Harmful if swallowed. |
| H335 | May cause respiratory irritation. |
| H319 | Causes serious eye irritation. |
| H412 | Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects. |
This page lists only the codes assigned to 1,1-Dichloroethane. The full reference lives on the hazard statements hub, the precautionary statements hub and the GHS pictograms hub.
Safety Data Sheet
Getting an SDS for 1,1-Dichloroethane
A Safety Data Sheet is written for a product, not for a substance: the supplier of the grade you actually buy issues it, so two suppliers of 1,1-Dichloroethane issue two different sheets. That is why there is no single authoritative SDS for a substance to download — what there is, is the job of collecting the sheets for the products you hold and keeping them current as suppliers revise them.
04 · Precautionary statements
1,1-Dichloroethane precautionary statements
CLP Annex VI assigns 17 precautionary statements to 1,1-Dichloroethane. They are grouped the way a label groups them: what to do before handling, what to do when something has already happened, how to store it and how to dispose of it.
Prevention
What to do before and during handling so the hazard never happens.
Response
What to do once exposure, spillage or fire has already happened.
Disposal
What has to happen to the contents and the empty container.
Reading the notation. … is a blank the supplier fills in — not a truncated sentence.· [square brackets] mark a part printed only when it applies.
05 · Names in the regulation
1,1-Dichloroethane name in 23 EU languages
CLP Annex VI Part 3 is published in every language edition of the regulation, and the identification column is written out in each of them. Nothing below is translated by us: each line is the name as that edition prints it. Under Art. 18(2) the substance name from Annex VI is a lawful product identifier, so this is the wording to put on a label going to that market — and where the cell lists several designations, any one of them qualifies.
| Language | Name in CLP Annex VI Part 3 |
|---|---|
| Bulgarian български | 1,1-дихлороетан |
| Spanish español | 1,1-Dicloroetano |
| Czech čeština | 1,1-dichlorethan |
| Danish dansk | 1,1-dichlorethan |
| German Deutsch | 1,1-Dichlorethan Ethylidendichlorid |
| Estonian eesti | 1,1-dikloroetaan |
| Greek ελληνικά | 1,1-διχλωροαιθάνιο |
| English English | 1,1-dichloroethane |
| French français | 1,1-dichloroéthane |
| Croatian hrvatski | 1,1-dikloretan |
| Italian italiano | 1,1-dicloroetano |
| Latvian latviešu | 1,1-dihloretāns |
| Lithuanian lietuvių | 1,1-dichloretanas |
| Hungarian magyar | 1,1-diklóretán |
| Maltese Malti | 1,1-dikloroetan |
| Dutch Nederlands | 1,1-dichloorethaan |
| Polish polski | 1,1-dichloroetan chlorek etylidenudichlorek etylidenu |
| Portuguese português | 1,1-dicloroetano |
| Romanian română | 1,1-dicloroetan |
| Slovak slovenčina | 1,1-dichlóretán |
| Slovenian slovenščina | 1,1-dikloroetan |
| Finnish suomi | 1,1-dikloorietaani |
| Swedish svenska | 1,1-dikloretan |
All 23 language editions of Annex VI carry this entry. Irish is the twenty-fourth official EU language and has no line here for a different reason: no consolidated CLP text has ever been published in Irish, so there is no Irish edition of Annex VI to quote a name from. Source: consolidated CLP, CELEX 02008R1272, language editions. © European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu — only the electronic Official Journal of the European Union is authentic.
06 · Label elements
1,1-Dichloroethane GHS label elements
Everything CLP Annex VI fixes for 1,1-Dichloroethane, laid out the way it appears on a label. The greyed lines are the parts only the supplier can fill in.
Danger
1,1-Dichloroethane
- Highly flammable liquid and vapour.
- Harmful if swallowed.
- May cause respiratory irritation.
- Causes serious eye irritation.
- Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
- Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.
- Keep container tightly closed.
- Use explosion-proof [electrical/ventilating/lighting/…] equipment.
- Use only non-sparking tools.
- Wash … thoroughly after handling.
- Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
- Avoid release to the environment.
- Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection/hearing protection/…
- IF SWALLOWED:
- IF IN EYES:
- Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/… if you feel unwell.
- Get medical advice/attention.
- Rinse mouth.
- If eye irritation persists:
- Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
- Store in a well-ventilated place.
- Dispose of contents/container to …
Supplier name, address and telephone number· Product identifier·Nominal quantity
Need this as an actual label? Open 1,1-Dichloroethane in the GHS label constructor →
07 · Health hazards
1,1-Dichloroethane health hazards and exposure limits
1,1-Dichloroethane hazard summary
1,1-Dichloroethane is a colorless, oily liquid with a sweet odor. It evaporates easily at room temperature and burns easily. It does not occur naturally in the environment.In the past, 1,1-dichloroethane was used as a surgical anesthetic, but it is no longer used this way. Today it is used primarily to make other chemicals, to dissolve substances such as paint, varnish, and finish removers, and to remove grease.
Source: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
1,1-Dichloroethane carcinogenicity classification
Studied by the US National Toxicology Program: TR-066: Bioassay of 1,1-Dichloroethane for Possible Carcinogenicity (CASRN 75-34-3) (1978 )
CLASSIFICATION: C; possible human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on no human data and limited evidence of carcinogenicity in two animal species (rats and mice) as shown by an increased incidence of mammary gland adenocarcinomas and hemangiosarcomas in female rats and an increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas and benign uterine polyps in mice. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Limited.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
An IARC group and a CLP classification answer different questions. IARC judges whether the evidence for cancer in humans is strong enough; CLP Annex VI is the legally binding EU classification. A substance can carry one and not the other.
1,1-Dichloroethane occupational exposure limits
| Limit | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| PEL | 100.0 [ppm] | Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases |
| PEL | 100 ppm (400 mg/m³) | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) |
| PEL | TWA 100 ppm (400 mg/m3) | The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) |
| REL | 100 ppm (400 mg/m³) | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) |
| REL | TWA 100 ppm (400 mg/m3) See Appendix C (Chloroethanes) | The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) |
| IDLH | 3000 ppm (NIOSH, 2024) | CAMEO Chemicals |
| IDLH | 3000.0 [ppm] | Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases |
| IDLH | Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Patty [1963] reported that rats survived 8hour exposures to 4,000 ppm, but died at 16,000 ppm [Smyth 1956]. | Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases |
These are United States values. The European Union sets its own indicative and binding limits, and the figure that applies at a given workplace is the one in the local regulation — not the one shown here.
08 · Physical and chemical properties
1,1-Dichloroethane properties
Every value is shown with the conditions it was measured under and the source it came from. Where sources disagree, all values are listed rather than one being picked — the difference is usually a different form of the substance, not an error.
1,1-Dichloroethane boiling point
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boiling point | 57.4 °C (135.3 °F) | HSDB | |
| 57.22 °C (135 °F) | NIOSH | ||
| 57.28 °C (135.1 °F) | at 760 mmHg | CAMEO |
1,1-Dichloroethane melting point
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Melting point | -96.93 °C (-142.5 °F) | HSDB | |
| -97.22 °C (-143 °F) | NIOSH |
1,1-Dichloroethane density
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.18 g/cm³ | NIOSH | |
| 1.175 g/cm³ | at 20 °C | HSDB | |
| 1.174 g/cm³ | at 20 °C | CAMEO |
1,1-Dichloroethane solubility
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solubility | Soluble in alcohol, ether, fixed and volatile oils. | HSDB | |
| In water, 5,040 mg/L at 25 °C | at 25 °C | HSDB |
1,1-Dichloroethane vapor pressure
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vapor pressure | 182 mmHg | NIOSH | |
| 227 mmHg | at 25 °C | HSDB | |
| 234 mmHg | at 25 °C | CAMEO |
1,1-Dichloroethane flash point
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flash point | -10 °C (14 °F) | HSDB | |
| -16.67 °C (2 °F) | HSDB | ||
| -8.33 °C (17 °F) | closed cup | HSDB |
1,1-Dichloroethane autoignition temperature
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Autoignition temperature | 457.78 °C (856 °F) | HSDB | |
| 458 °C (856.4 °F) | ICSC |
1,1-Dichloroethane lower explosive limit (LEL)
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower explosive limit (LEL) | 5.4 % by volume | HSDB | |
| 5.6 % by volume | CAMEO |
1,1-Dichloroethane upper explosive limit (UEL)
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Upper explosive limit (UEL) | 11.4 % by volume | HSDB |
1,1-Dichloroethane vapor density
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vapor density | 3.44 (air = 1) | HSDB | |
| 3.4 (air = 1) | ICSC |
1,1-Dichloroethane odor threshold
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Odor threshold | Threshold concentration: 120 ppm (no specific isomer); 200 ppm (no specific isomer). | HSDB | |
| 445.5 mg/cu m (odor low) 810 mg/cu m (odor high). | HSDB | ||
| Odor Threshold Low: 49.0 [ppm] | Haz-Map |
1,1-Dichloroethane critical temperature and pressure
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Critical temperature and pressure | 250.25 °C (482.5 °F) | HSDB |
1,1-Dichloroethane corrosivity
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Corrosivity | Will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings. | HSDB | |
| Corrosion rates for dry 1,1-dichloroethane are marginal but increase with water content and temperature. Aluminum is easily attacked. | HSDB |
Values compiled from PubChem Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary. Temperatures converted to Fahrenheit for reference.
09 · Fire and explosion
1,1-Dichloroethane fire and explosion behaviour
These are descriptions rather than measured values, so they are kept out of the table above and quoted here with the source that reported them.
1,1-Dichloroethane fire potential
A very dangerous fire hazard ... when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
10 · Handling and storage
1,1-Dichloroethane storage and handling
1,1-Dichloroethane safe storage
Fireproof. See Chemical Dangers. Cool.
Source: ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
1,1-Dichloroethane storage conditions
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
1,1-Dichloroethane incompatible materials
Incompatible materials: Oxidizing agents
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
1,1-Dichloroethane reactivity
1,1-DICHLOROETHANE can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. It is incompatible with strong bases. Contact with strong caustics will cause formation of flammable and toxic gas. It will attack some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings. (NTP, 1992)
Source: CAMEO Chemicals
Planning storage for a mix of chemicals? Check 1,1-Dichloroethane in the storage compatibility matrix →
11 · Questions
1,1-Dichloroethane — frequently asked questions
What is the CAS number of 1,1-Dichloroethane?
The CAS number of 1,1-Dichloroethane is 75-34-3. Its EC number is 200-863-5.
What does a 1,1-Dichloroethane label have to show?
Under CLP Annex VI the label for 1,1-Dichloroethane carries the pictograms Flame and Exclamation mark and the signal word is Danger.
Is 1,1-Dichloroethane flammable?
Yes. CLP Annex VI assigns 1,1-Dichloroethane H225 — highly flammable liquid and vapour. The flash point reported for it is -10 °C (14 °F) (HSDB).
Is 1,1-Dichloroethane a carcinogen?
CLP Annex VI records no harmonised carcinogenicity classification for 1,1-Dichloroethane. Annex VI is a list of agreed classifications, not a list of substances found safe, so this is an absence of a classification rather than a clean bill of health.
What is the exposure limit for 1,1-Dichloroethane?
The US occupational exposure limit reported for 1,1-Dichloroethane is 100.0 [ppm] (Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases). Limits differ by country: the EU sets its own indicative and binding values, and the figure that applies at a given workplace is the one in the local regulation.
What is the boiling point of 1,1-Dichloroethane?
The boiling point reported for 1,1-Dichloroethane is 57.4 °C (135.3 °F) (HSDB).
What is the melting point of 1,1-Dichloroethane?
The melting point reported for 1,1-Dichloroethane is -96.93 °C (-142.5 °F) (HSDB).
How should 1,1-Dichloroethane be stored?
CLP Annex VI assigns 1,1-Dichloroethane the storage statement P403. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. (Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB))
Nearby
Substances next to 1,1-Dichloroethane
Keep going: substances starting with 0–9, or search the whole database by name, CAS number, pictogram or signal word.