Substance profile
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is a clear, colorless liquid with characteristic ammonia like fishy odor of aliphatic hydrazines.
01 · Identification
What 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is a clear, colorless liquid with characteristic ammonia like fishy odor of aliphatic hydrazines. Its molecular formula is C2H8N2 and its molecular weight is 60.1 g/mol. It boils at 63.9 °C, melts at -58 °C.
Under the GHS it carries the signal word Danger. It is classed as hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs).
02 · Identifiers
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine identifiers and molecular data
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine CAS number and EC number
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine molecular formula and molecular weight
Other names for 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
- N,N-dimethylhydrazine
03 · GHS classification
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine hazard classification
Harmonised classification under CLP Annex VI. This is the legally binding classification in the EU; other jurisdictions may differ.
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine pictograms and signal word
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine hazard class and category
| Hazard class | Category | From code | Pictogram |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flammable liquids GHS chapter 2.6 | Category 2 | H225 | GHS02 |
| Acute toxicity - oral GHS chapter 3.1 | Category 3 | H301 | GHS06 |
| Acute toxicity - inhalation GHS chapter 3.1 | Category 3 | H331 | GHS06 |
| Skin corrosion/irritation GHS chapter 3.2 | Category 1A or 1B or 1C | H314 | GHS05 |
| Carcinogenicity GHS chapter 3.6 | Category 1A or 1B | H350 | GHS08 |
| Hazardous to the aquatic environment - chronic GHS chapter 4.1 | Category 2 | H411 | GHS09 |
Where two values are shown with “or”, the hazard statement is shared by more than one category or by more than one class, and the code alone does not say which. H272, for example, belongs to oxidising liquids and to oxidising solids — the physical state decides. The binding answer for a specific entry is in the CLP Annex VI table itself.
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine hazard statements (H-codes)
| Code | Hazard statement |
|---|---|
| H225 | Highly flammable liquid and vapour. |
| H350 | May cause cancer <state route of exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard>. |
| H331 | Toxic if inhaled. |
| H301 | Toxic if swallowed. |
| H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. |
| H411 | Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. |
This page lists only the codes assigned to 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine. The full reference lives on the hazard statements hub, the precautionary statements hub and the GHS pictograms hub.
Safety Data Sheet
Getting an SDS for 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
A Safety Data Sheet is written for a product, not for a substance: the supplier of the grade you actually buy issues it, so two suppliers of 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine issue two different sheets. That is why there is no single authoritative SDS for a substance to download — what there is, is the job of collecting the sheets for the products you hold and keeping them current as suppliers revise them.
04 · Precautionary statements
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine precautionary statements
CLP Annex VI assigns 20 precautionary statements to 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine. They are grouped the way a label groups them: what to do before handling, what to do when something has already happened, how to store it and how to dispose of it.
Prevention
What to do before and during handling so the hazard never happens.
Response
What to do once exposure, spillage or fire has already happened.
Disposal
What has to happen to the contents and the empty container.
Reading the notation. … is a blank the supplier fills in — not a truncated sentence.· [square brackets] mark a part printed only when it applies.
05 · Names in the regulation
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine name in 23 EU languages
CLP Annex VI Part 3 is published in every language edition of the regulation, and the identification column is written out in each of them. Nothing below is translated by us: each line is the name as that edition prints it. Under Art. 18(2) the substance name from Annex VI is a lawful product identifier, so this is the wording to put on a label going to that market — and where the cell lists several designations, any one of them qualifies.
| Language | Name in CLP Annex VI Part 3 |
|---|---|
| Bulgarian български | N , N -диметилхидразин |
| Spanish español | N , N -Dimetilhidrazina |
| Czech čeština | N, N -dimethylhydrazin |
| Danish dansk | N, N- dimethylhydrazin |
| German Deutsch | N , N -Dimethylhydrazin |
| Estonian eesti | N , N -dimetüülhüdrasiin |
| Greek ελληνικά | N , N -διμεθυλυδραζίνη |
| English English | N , N -dimethylhydrazine |
| French français | N , N -diméthylhydrazine |
| Croatian hrvatski | N , N -dimetil-hidrazin |
| Italian italiano | N , N -dimetilidrazina |
| Latvian latviešu | N , N -dimetilhidrazīns |
| Lithuanian lietuvių | N , N -dimetilhidrazinas |
| Hungarian magyar | N , N -dimetilhidrazin |
| Maltese Malti | N , N -dimetilidrażina |
| Dutch Nederlands | N , N -dimethylhydrazine |
| Polish polski | N, N-dimetylohydrazyna |
| Portuguese português | N , N -dimetil-hidrazina |
| Romanian română | N , N -dimetilhidrazină |
| Slovak slovenčina | N, N -dimetylhydrazín |
| Slovenian slovenščina | N , N -dimetilhidrazin |
| Finnish suomi | N , N -dimetyylihydratsiini |
| Swedish svenska | N , N -dimetylhydrazin |
All 23 language editions of Annex VI carry this entry. Irish is the twenty-fourth official EU language and has no line here for a different reason: no consolidated CLP text has ever been published in Irish, so there is no Irish edition of Annex VI to quote a name from. Source: consolidated CLP, CELEX 02008R1272, language editions. © European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu — only the electronic Official Journal of the European Union is authentic.
06 · Label elements
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine GHS label elements
Everything CLP Annex VI fixes for 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine, laid out the way it appears on a label. The greyed lines are the parts only the supplier can fill in.
Danger
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
- Highly flammable liquid and vapour.
- May cause cancer <state route of exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard>.
- Toxic if inhaled.
- Toxic if swallowed.
- Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.
- Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
- Obtain special instructions before use.
- Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.
- Keep container tightly closed.
- Use explosion-proof [electrical/ventilating/lighting/…] equipment.
- Use only non-sparking tools.
- Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
- Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
- Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
- Avoid release to the environment.
- Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection/hearing protection/…
- IF SWALLOWED:
- IF INHALED:
- IF exposed or concerned:
- Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor/…
- Get medical advice/attention.
- Rinse mouth.
- Do NOT induce vomiting.
- Collect spillage.
- Store in a well-ventilated place.
- Dispose of contents/container to …
Supplier name, address and telephone number· Product identifier·Nominal quantity
Need this as an actual label? Open 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine in the GHS label constructor →
07 · Health hazards
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine health hazards and exposure limits
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine hazard summary
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is primarily used as a high-energy fuel in military applications and as a rocket propellant and fuel for thrusters. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure of humans to 1,1- dimethylhydrazine results in nose and throat irritation, mild conjunctivitis, nausea, and vomiting. It is also highly corrosive and irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Liver damage in humans may occur from chronic (long-term) exposure to 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine in humans. Carcinogenic effects have been observed in animals exposed to 1,1-dimethylhydrazine by inhalation and orally, predominantly to the lung and liver. EPA has not classified 1,1-dimethylhydrazine for potential carcinogenicity. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified 1,1- dimethylhydrazine as a Group 2B, the chemical is possibly carcinogenic to humans.
Source: EPA Hazardous Air Pollutants
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine carcinogenicity classification
Cancer Classification: Group B2 Probable Human Carcinogen
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Evaluation: No epidemiological data on the carcinogenicity of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine were available. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. Overall evaluation: 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
An IARC group and a CLP classification answer different questions. IARC judges whether the evidence for cancer in humans is strong enough; CLP Annex VI is the legally binding EU classification. A substance can carry one and not the other.
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine occupational exposure limits
| Limit | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| PEL | 0.5 [ppm] | Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases |
| PEL | 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m³) | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) |
| PEL | TWA 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3) [skin] | The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) |
| REL | 0.06 ppm (0.15 mg/m³) [120 minutes] | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) |
| REL | Ca C 0.06 ppm (0.15 mg/m3) [2-hr] See Appendix A | The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) |
| IDLH | 15 ppm ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024) | CAMEO Chemicals |
| IDLH | 15.0 [ppm] | Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases |
| IDLH | 15 ppm; NIOSH considers 1,1-dimethylhydrazine to be a potential occupational carcinogen. | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) |
These are United States values. The European Union sets its own indicative and binding limits, and the figure that applies at a given workplace is the one in the local regulation — not the one shown here.
08 · Physical and chemical properties
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine properties
Every value is shown with the conditions it was measured under and the source it came from. Where sources disagree, all values are listed rather than one being picked — the difference is usually a different form of the substance, not an error.
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine boiling point
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boiling point | 63.9 °C (147 °F) | at 760 mmHg | HSDB |
| 63.89 °C (147 °F) | NIOSH | ||
| 63.89 °C (147 °F) | at 760 mmHg | CAMEO |
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine melting point
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Melting point | -58 °C (-72.4 °F) | HSDB | |
| -57.78 °C (-72 °F) | NIOSH |
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine density
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 0.79 g/cm³ | NIOSH | |
| 0.7914 g/cm³ | at 22 °C | CAMEO | |
| 0.782 g/cm³ | at 25 °C | HSDB |
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine solubility
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solubility | Very sol in methanol and ethanol | HSDB | |
| >10% in water | HSDB | ||
| Decomposes (NTP, 1992) | decomposes | CAMEO |
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine vapor pressure
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vapor pressure | 103 mmHg | NIOSH | |
| 167 mmHg | at 25 °C | HSDB | |
| 157 mmHg | at 25 °C | CAMEO |
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine flash point
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flash point | -15 °C (5 °F) | closed cup | HSDB |
| -15 °C (5 °F) | NIOSH |
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine autoignition temperature
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Autoignition temperature | 249 °C (480.2 °F) | HSDB | |
| 248.89 °C (480 °F) | CAMEO |
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine lower explosive limit (LEL)
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower explosive limit (LEL) | 2 % by volume | HSDB |
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine upper explosive limit (UEL)
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Upper explosive limit (UEL) | 95 % by volume | HSDB |
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine vapor density
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vapor density | 1.94 (air = 1) | HSDB | |
| 2.1 (air = 1) | ICSC |
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine odor threshold
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Odor threshold | 12.0 mg/cu m (low); 20.0 mg/cu m (high) | HSDB | |
| Sharp, ammonia-like odor. Odor threshold: 0.3, 11.7, and 6-14 ppm. | HSDB |
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine critical temperature and pressure
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Critical temperature and pressure | 250 °C (482 °F) | HSDB |
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine corrosivity
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Corrosivity | Highly corrosive. | HSDB |
Values compiled from PubChem Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary. Temperatures converted to Fahrenheit for reference.
09 · Fire and explosion
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine fire and explosion behaviour
These are descriptions rather than measured values, so they are kept out of the table above and quoted here with the source that reported them.
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine fire potential
It is flammable over a wide range of vapor air concentrations.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Odor
The warning properties (irritation & odor) of the hydrazines are probably sufficient to prevent acute poisoning from short exposures. However, in view of the chronic toxicity properties, the warning properties should not be considered adequate for prolonged exposures. /Hydrazines/
Source: HSDB
10 · Handling and storage
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine storage and handling
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine safe storage
Fireproof. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from strong oxidants and strong acids. Dry. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Do NOT store or transport in containers made from plastic. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.
Source: ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine storage conditions
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine incompatible materials
Contact of dicyanofurazan, or its N-oxide (dicyanofuroxan), with ... dimethylhydrazine ... is instantaneously explosive.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine reactivity
1,1-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE is a powerful reducing agent. Ignition can occur on contact with oxidizing agents such hydrogen peroxide and fuming nitric acid [Haz. Chem. Data(1966)]. Also reacts as a base to neutralize acids in exothermic reactions.
Source: CAMEO Chemicals
Planning storage for a mix of chemicals? Check 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine in the storage compatibility matrix →
11 · Questions
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine — frequently asked questions
What is the CAS number of 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine?
The CAS number of 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is 57-14-7. Its EC number is 200-316-0.
What is the chemical formula of 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine?
The molecular formula of 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is C2H8N2 and its molecular weight is 60.1 g/mol.
What does a 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine label have to show?
Under CLP Annex VI the label for 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine carries the pictograms Flame, Skull and crossbones, Health hazard, Corrosion and Environment and the signal word is Danger.
Is 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine flammable?
Yes. CLP Annex VI assigns 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine H225 — highly flammable liquid and vapour. The flash point reported for it is -15 °C (5 °F), closed cup (HSDB).
Is 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine a carcinogen?
Yes. CLP Annex VI classifies 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine as a category 1A or 1B carcinogen and assigns it H350: may cause cancer. IARC places it in Group 2B: possibly carcinogenic to humans.
What is the exposure limit for 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine?
The US occupational exposure limit reported for 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is 0.5 [ppm] (Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases). Limits differ by country: the EU sets its own indicative and binding values, and the figure that applies at a given workplace is the one in the local regulation.
What is the boiling point of 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine?
The boiling point reported for 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is 63.9 °C (147 °F), at 760 mmHg (HSDB).
What is the melting point of 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine?
The melting point reported for 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is -58 °C (-72.4 °F) (HSDB).
How should 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine be stored?
CLP Annex VI assigns 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine the storage statement P403. PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/ (Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB))
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