Substance profile
1,3-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene is a colorless gas with a mIldly aromatic odor.
01 · Identification
What 1,3-Butadiene is
1,3-Butadiene is a colorless gas with a mIldly aromatic odor. It boils at -4.5 °C, melts at -109 °C.
Under the GHS it carries the signal word Danger. It is classed as hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs).
02 · Identifiers
1,3-Butadiene identifiers and molecular data
1,3-Butadiene CAS number and EC number
1,3-Butadiene molecular formula and molecular weight
Other names for 1,3-Butadiene
- buta-1,3-diene
03 · GHS classification
1,3-Butadiene hazard classification
Harmonised classification under CLP Annex VI. This is the legally binding classification in the EU; other jurisdictions may differ.
1,3-Butadiene pictograms and signal word
1,3-Butadiene hazard class and category
| Hazard class | Category | From code | Pictogram |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flammable gases GHS chapter 2.2 | Category 1A | H220 | GHS02 |
| Germ cell mutagenicity GHS chapter 3.5 | Category 1A or 1B | H340 | GHS08 |
| Carcinogenicity GHS chapter 3.6 | Category 1A or 1B | H350 | GHS08 |
Where two values are shown with “or”, the hazard statement is shared by more than one category or by more than one class, and the code alone does not say which. H272, for example, belongs to oxidising liquids and to oxidising solids — the physical state decides. The binding answer for a specific entry is in the CLP Annex VI table itself.
1,3-Butadiene hazard statements (H-codes)
| Code | Hazard statement |
|---|---|
| H220 | Extremely flammable gas. |
| H350 | May cause cancer <state route of exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard>. |
| H340 | May cause genetic defects <state route of exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard>. |
This page lists only the codes assigned to 1,3-Butadiene. The full reference lives on the hazard statements hub, the precautionary statements hub and the GHS pictograms hub.
Safety Data Sheet
Getting an SDS for 1,3-Butadiene
A Safety Data Sheet is written for a product, not for a substance: the supplier of the grade you actually buy issues it, so two suppliers of 1,3-Butadiene issue two different sheets. That is why there is no single authoritative SDS for a substance to download — what there is, is the job of collecting the sheets for the products you hold and keeping them current as suppliers revise them.
04 · Precautionary statements
1,3-Butadiene precautionary statements
CLP Annex VI assigns 7 precautionary statements to 1,3-Butadiene. They are grouped the way a label groups them: what to do before handling, what to do when something has already happened, how to store it and how to dispose of it.
Prevention
What to do before and during handling so the hazard never happens.
Response
What to do once exposure, spillage or fire has already happened.
Reading the notation. … is a blank the supplier fills in — not a truncated sentence.· [square brackets] mark a part printed only when it applies.
05 · Names in the regulation
1,3-Butadiene name in 23 EU languages
CLP Annex VI Part 3 is published in every language edition of the regulation, and the identification column is written out in each of them. Nothing below is translated by us: each line is the name as that edition prints it. Under Art. 18(2) the substance name from Annex VI is a lawful product identifier, so this is the wording to put on a label going to that market — and where the cell lists several designations, any one of them qualifies.
| Language | Name in CLP Annex VI Part 3 |
|---|---|
| Bulgarian български | 1,3-бутадиен бута-1,3-диен |
| Spanish español | 1,3-Butadieno buta-1,3-dieno |
| Czech čeština | 1,3-butadien buta-1,3-dien |
| Danish dansk | 1,3-butadien buta-1,3-dien |
| German Deutsch | 1,3-Butadien Buta-1,3-dien |
| Estonian eesti | 1,3-butadieen buta-1,3-dieen |
| Greek ελληνικά | 1,3-βουταδιένιο βουτα-1,3-διένιο |
| English English | 1,3-butadiene buta-1,3-diene |
| French français | 1,3-butadiène buta-1,3-diène |
| Croatian hrvatski | 1,3-butadien buta-1,3-dien |
| Italian italiano | 1,3-butadiene buta-1,3-diene |
| Latvian latviešu | 1,3-butadiēns buta-1,3-diēns |
| Lithuanian lietuvių | 1,3-butadienas buta-1,3-dienas |
| Hungarian magyar | 1,3-butadién buta-1,3-dién |
| Maltese Malti | 1,3-butadjen buta-1,3-dijen |
| Dutch Nederlands | 1,3-butadieen buta-1,3-dieen |
| Polish polski | 1,3-butadien buta-1,3-dien |
| Portuguese português | 1,3-butadieno buta-1,3-dieno |
| Romanian română | 1,3-butadienă buta-1,3-dienă |
| Slovak slovenčina | 1,3-butadién buta-1,3-dién |
| Slovenian slovenščina | 1,3-butadien buta-1,3-dien |
| Finnish suomi | 1,3-butadieeni buta-1,3-dieeni |
| Swedish svenska | 1,3-butadien buta-1,3-dien |
All 23 language editions of Annex VI carry this entry. Irish is the twenty-fourth official EU language and has no line here for a different reason: no consolidated CLP text has ever been published in Irish, so there is no Irish edition of Annex VI to quote a name from. Source: consolidated CLP, CELEX 02008R1272, language editions. © European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu — only the electronic Official Journal of the European Union is authentic.
06 · Label elements
1,3-Butadiene GHS label elements
Everything CLP Annex VI fixes for 1,3-Butadiene, laid out the way it appears on a label. The greyed lines are the parts only the supplier can fill in.
Danger
1,3-Butadiene
- Extremely flammable gas.
- May cause cancer <state route of exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard>.
- May cause genetic defects <state route of exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard>.
- Obtain special instructions before use.
- Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.
- Keep container tightly closed.
- Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection/hearing protection/…
- IF exposed or concerned:
- Get medical advice/attention.
- Store in a well-ventilated place.
Supplier name, address and telephone number· Product identifier·Nominal quantity
Need this as an actual label? Open 1,3-Butadiene in the GHS label constructor →
07 · Health hazards
1,3-Butadiene health hazards and exposure limits
1,3-Butadiene hazard summary
1,3-Butadiene is a chemical made from the processing of petroleum. It is the 36th highest volume chemical produced in the United States. It is a colorless gas with a mild gasoline-like odor. About 75% of the manufactured 1,3-butadiene is used to make synthetic rubber. Synthetic rubber is widely used for tires on cars and trucks. 1,3-Butadiene is also used to make plastics including acrylics. Small amounts are found in gasoline.
Source: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
1,3-Butadiene carcinogenicity classification
Under the conditions of these studies, there was clear evidence of carcinogenicity for 1,3-butadiene in male and female B6C3F1 mice, as shown by increased incidences and early induction of hemangiosarcomas of the heart, malignant lymphomas, alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas and carcinomas, and papillomas of the stomach in males and females; and of acinar cell carcinomas of the mammary gland, granulosa cell tumors of the ovary, and hepatocellular adenomas and adenomas or carcinomas (combined) in females. 1,3-Butadiene was associated with nonneoplastic lesions in the respiratory epithelium, liver necrosis, and testicular or ovarian atrophy.
Source: US National Toxicology Program · TR-434: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 1,3-Butadiene (CASRN 106-99-0) in B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies) (1993 )
CLASSIFICATION: B2; probable human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Inadequate human data and sufficient rodent (mouse and rat) studies in which exposure to airborne concentrations of 1,3-butadiene caused multiple tumors and tumor types form the basis for this classification. Related compounds are carcinogenic and mutagenic. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
1,3-Butadiene: known to be a human carcinogen.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
An IARC group and a CLP classification answer different questions. IARC judges whether the evidence for cancer in humans is strong enough; CLP Annex VI is the legally binding EU classification. A substance can carry one and not the other.
1,3-Butadiene occupational exposure limits
| Limit | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| PEL | 1.0 [ppm], STEL(OSHA) = 5 ppm | Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases |
| PEL | 1 ppm (2.21 mg/m³) | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) |
| PEL | 5 ppm (11 mg/m³) | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) |
| REL | Ca See Appendix A | The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) |
| IDLH | 2000 ppm ; Based on 10% of the lower explosive limit; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024) | CAMEO Chemicals |
| IDLH | 2000.0 [ppm] | Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases |
| IDLH | NIOSH considers 1,3-butadiene to be a potential occupational carcinogen. | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) |
These are United States values. The European Union sets its own indicative and binding limits, and the figure that applies at a given workplace is the one in the local regulation — not the one shown here.
08 · Physical and chemical properties
1,3-Butadiene properties
Every value is shown with the conditions it was measured under and the source it came from. Where sources disagree, all values are listed rather than one being picked — the difference is usually a different form of the substance, not an error.
1,3-Butadiene boiling point
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boiling point | -4.5 °C (23.9 °F) | HSDB | |
| -4.44 °C (24 °F) | NIOSH | ||
| -4.39 °C (24.1 °F) | at 760 mmHg | CAMEO |
1,3-Butadiene melting point
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Melting point | -108.97 °C (-164.1 °F) | HSDB | |
| -108.89 °C (-164 °F) | NIOSH |
1,3-Butadiene density
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 0.6 g/cm³ | ICSC | |
| 0.621 g/cm³ | at 20 °C | CAMEO | |
| 0.6149 g/cm³ | at 25 °C | HSDB |
1,3-Butadiene solubility
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solubility | Slightly soluble in methanol, ethanol; soluble in organic solvents such as carbon tetrachloride; alcohol dissolves about 40 vols at room temp. | HSDB | |
| Soluble in ethanol, ether, benzene; very soluble in acetone | HSDB | ||
| In water, 735 mg/L at 20 °C | at 20 °C | HSDB |
1,3-Butadiene vapor pressure
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vapor pressure | 1824 mmHg | NIOSH | |
| 1840 mmHg | at 21.11 °C | CAMEO | |
| 2052 mmHg | at 25 °C | HSDB |
1,3-Butadiene flash point
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flash point | -76.11 °C (-105 °F) | NIOSH | |
| -76 °C (-104.8 °F) | ICSC |
1,3-Butadiene autoignition temperature
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Autoignition temperature | 420 °C (788 °F) | HSDB | |
| 414 °C (777.2 °F) | ICSC |
1,3-Butadiene lower explosive limit (LEL)
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower explosive limit (LEL) | 1.4 % by volume | HSDB | |
| 2 % by volume | HSDB |
1,3-Butadiene upper explosive limit (UEL)
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Upper explosive limit (UEL) | 16.3 % by volume | HSDB | |
| 12 % by volume | HSDB |
1,3-Butadiene vapor density
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vapor density | 1.87 (air = 1) | HSDB | |
| 1.9 (air = 1) | ICSC |
1,3-Butadiene odor threshold
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Odor threshold | 4 MG/CU M | HSDB | |
| Detection: 4.50x10-1 ppm, purity not specified. | HSDB | ||
| 0.35 mg/cu m (odor low) 2.86 mg/cu m (odor high) | HSDB |
1,3-Butadiene critical temperature and pressure
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Critical temperature and pressure | 161.8 °C (323.2 °F) | HSDB |
1,3-Butadiene corrosivity
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Corrosivity | Non-corrosive | HSDB |
Values compiled from PubChem Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary. Temperatures converted to Fahrenheit for reference.
09 · Fire and explosion
1,3-Butadiene fire and explosion behaviour
These are descriptions rather than measured values, so they are kept out of the table above and quoted here with the source that reported them.
1,3-Butadiene fire potential
Flammable gas ...
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
10 · Handling and storage
1,3-Butadiene storage and handling
1,3-Butadiene peroxide formation
A: Compounds that form explosive levels of peroxides without concentration
Source: Lab and Research Safety, University of Minnesota
1,3-Butadiene safe storage
Store only if stabilized. Fireproof. Cool. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Separated from incompatible materials and food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. See Physical Dangers. Refer to the manufacturer's instructions for proper storage conditions.
Source: ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
1,3-Butadiene storage conditions
Outside or detached storage is preferred. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Isolate from oxidizing materials.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
1,3-Butadiene incompatible materials
Solid butadiene at below -113 °C will absorb enough oxygen at subatmospheric pressure to explode violently when allowed to melt.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
1,3-Butadiene reactivity
A colorless gas, it can react with oxidizing reagents. Upon long exposure to air it forms explosive peroxides. They are sensitive to heat or shock; sudden polymerization may occur [Scott, D. A., Chem. Eng. News, 1940, 18, p.404]. Butadiene polyperoxides are insoluble in liquefied butadiene (m. p. -113 °C, b. p. -2.6 °C) and progressively separate leading to local concentration build up. Self-heating from a spontaneous decomposition will lead to explosion [Hendry, D. G. et al., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1968, 7, p. 136, 1145]. Explodes on contact with aluminum tetrahydroborate, potentially explosive reaction with chlorine dioxide (peroxide) and crotonaldehyde (above 180 °C). Reaction with sodium nitrite forms a spontaneously flammable product [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 539].
Source: CAMEO Chemicals
Planning storage for a mix of chemicals? Check 1,3-Butadiene in the storage compatibility matrix →
11 · Questions
1,3-Butadiene — frequently asked questions
What is the CAS number of 1,3-Butadiene?
The CAS number of 1,3-Butadiene is 106-99-0. Its EC number is 203-450-8.
What does a 1,3-Butadiene label have to show?
Under CLP Annex VI the label for 1,3-Butadiene carries the pictograms Flame, Gas cylinder and Health hazard and the signal word is Danger.
Is 1,3-Butadiene flammable?
Yes. CLP Annex VI assigns 1,3-Butadiene H220 — extremely flammable gas. The flash point reported for it is -76.11 °C (-105 °F) (NIOSH).
Is 1,3-Butadiene a carcinogen?
Yes. CLP Annex VI classifies 1,3-Butadiene as a category 1A or 1B carcinogen and assigns it H350: may cause cancer. IARC places it in Group 1: carcinogenic to humans.
What is the exposure limit for 1,3-Butadiene?
The US occupational exposure limit reported for 1,3-Butadiene is 1.0 [ppm], STEL(OSHA) = 5 ppm (Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases). Limits differ by country: the EU sets its own indicative and binding values, and the figure that applies at a given workplace is the one in the local regulation.
What is the boiling point of 1,3-Butadiene?
The boiling point reported for 1,3-Butadiene is -4.5 °C (23.9 °F) (HSDB).
What is the melting point of 1,3-Butadiene?
The melting point reported for 1,3-Butadiene is -108.97 °C (-164.1 °F) (HSDB).
How should 1,3-Butadiene be stored?
CLP Annex VI assigns 1,3-Butadiene the storage statement P403. Outside or detached storage is preferred. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Isolate from oxidizing materials. (Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB))
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