Substance profile
Piperazine
Piperazine is plates or leaflets from ethanol with a typical amine odor.
01 · Identification
What Piperazine is
Piperazine is plates or leaflets from ethanol with a typical amine odor. It boils at 146 °C, melts at 106 °C.
Under the GHS it carries the signal word Danger. It is classed as corrosives.
02 · Identifiers
Piperazine identifiers and molecular data
Piperazine CAS number and EC number
Piperazine molecular formula and molecular weight
Other names for Piperazine
- [solid]
03 · GHS classification
Piperazine hazard classification
Harmonised classification under CLP Annex VI. This is the legally binding classification in the EU; other jurisdictions may differ.
Piperazine pictograms and signal word
Piperazine hazard class and category
| Hazard class | Category | From code | Pictogram |
|---|---|---|---|
| Skin corrosion/irritation GHS chapter 3.2 | Category 1A or 1B or 1C | H314 | GHS05 |
| Respiratory sensitisation GHS chapter 3.4 | Category 1 or 1A or 1B | H334 | GHS08 |
| Skin sensitisation GHS chapter 3.4 | Category 1 or 1A or 1B | H317 | GHS07 |
Where two values are shown with “or”, the hazard statement is shared by more than one category or by more than one class, and the code alone does not say which. H272, for example, belongs to oxidising liquids and to oxidising solids — the physical state decides. The binding answer for a specific entry is in the CLP Annex VI table itself.
Piperazine hazard statements (H-codes)
| Code | Hazard statement |
|---|---|
| H361fd | Suspected of damaging fertility. Suspected of damaging the unborn child. |
| H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. |
| H334 | May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled. |
| H317 | May cause an allergic skin reaction. |
This page lists only the codes assigned to Piperazine. The full reference lives on the hazard statements hub, the precautionary statements hub and the GHS pictograms hub.
Safety Data Sheet
Getting an SDS for Piperazine
A Safety Data Sheet is written for a product, not for a substance: the supplier of the grade you actually buy issues it, so two suppliers of Piperazine issue two different sheets. That is why there is no single authoritative SDS for a substance to download — what there is, is the job of collecting the sheets for the products you hold and keeping them current as suppliers revise them.
04 · Precautionary statements
Piperazine precautionary statements
CLP Annex VI assigns 9 precautionary statements to Piperazine. They are grouped the way a label groups them: what to do before handling, what to do when something has already happened, how to store it and how to dispose of it.
Prevention
What to do before and during handling so the hazard never happens.
Response
What to do once exposure, spillage or fire has already happened.
Reading the notation. … is a blank the supplier fills in — not a truncated sentence.· [square brackets] mark a part printed only when it applies.
05 · Names in the regulation
Piperazine name in 23 EU languages
CLP Annex VI Part 3 is published in every language edition of the regulation, and the identification column is written out in each of them. Nothing below is translated by us: each line is the name as that edition prints it. Under Art. 18(2) the substance name from Annex VI is a lawful product identifier, so this is the wording to put on a label going to that market — and where the cell lists several designations, any one of them qualifies.
| Language | Name in CLP Annex VI Part 3 |
|---|---|
| Bulgarian български | пиперазин |
| Spanish español | Piperazina |
| Czech čeština | piperazin |
| Danish dansk | piperazin |
| German Deutsch | Piperazin |
| Estonian eesti | piperasiin |
| Greek ελληνικά | πιπεραζίνη |
| English English | piperazine |
| French français | pipérazine |
| Croatian hrvatski | piperazin |
| Italian italiano | piperazina |
| Latvian latviešu | piperazīns |
| Lithuanian lietuvių | piperazinas |
| Hungarian magyar | piperazin |
| Maltese Malti | piperażina |
| Dutch Nederlands | piperazine |
| Polish polski | piperazyna |
| Portuguese português | piperazina |
| Romanian română | piperazină |
| Slovak slovenčina | piperazín |
| Slovenian slovenščina | piperazin |
| Finnish suomi | piperatsiini |
| Swedish svenska | piperazin |
All 23 language editions of Annex VI carry this entry. Irish is the twenty-fourth official EU language and has no line here for a different reason: no consolidated CLP text has ever been published in Irish, so there is no Irish edition of Annex VI to quote a name from. Source: consolidated CLP, CELEX 02008R1272, language editions. © European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu — only the electronic Official Journal of the European Union is authentic.
06 · Label elements
Piperazine GHS label elements
Everything CLP Annex VI fixes for Piperazine, laid out the way it appears on a label. The greyed lines are the parts only the supplier can fill in.
Danger
Piperazine
- Suspected of damaging fertility. Suspected of damaging the unborn child.
- Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.
- May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled.
- May cause an allergic skin reaction.
- Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
- Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
- Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
- Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection/hearing protection/…
- IF SWALLOWED:
- Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor/…
- Get medical advice/attention.
- Do NOT induce vomiting.
- If skin irritation or rash occurs:
Supplier name, address and telephone number· Product identifier·Nominal quantity
Need this as an actual label? Open Piperazine in the GHS label constructor →
07 · Physical and chemical properties
Piperazine properties
Every value is shown with the conditions it was measured under and the source it came from. Where sources disagree, all values are listed rather than one being picked — the difference is usually a different form of the substance, not an error.
Piperazine boiling point
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boiling point | 146 °C (294.8 °F) | HSDB | |
| 146.11 °C (295 °F) | at 760 mmHg | CAMEO |
Piperazine melting point
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Melting point | 106 °C (222.8 °F) | HSDB | |
| 106.11 °C (223 °F) | CAMEO |
Piperazine density
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.1 g/cm³ | HSDB | |
| 1.1 g/cm³ | at 20 °C | CAMEO |
Piperazine solubility
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solubility | Mol wt 184.13. Minute crystals. Very slightly sol in water. pH of saturated aq soln 6.5 | Phosphate | HSDB |
| Freely soluble in glycerol, glycols; one gram dissolves in 2 ml of 95% alcohol. Insoluble in ether. | HSDB |
Piperazine vapor pressure
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vapor pressure | 197.806 mmHg | HSDB | |
| 0.16 mmHg | at 20 °C | HSDB | |
| 0.1575 mmHg | at 20 °C | ICSC |
Piperazine flash point
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flash point | 107 °C (224.6 °F) | Cleveland Open Cup | HSDB |
| 87.78 °C (190 °F) | CAMEO | ||
| 65 °C (149 °F) | ICSC |
Piperazine autoignition temperature
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Autoignition temperature | 454.97 °C (850.9 °F) | HSDB | |
| 320 °C (608 °F) | ICSC |
Piperazine lower explosive limit (LEL)
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower explosive limit (LEL) | 4 % by volume | ICSC | |
| Flammability limits = 1.6 to 12.5 vol% | HSDB |
Piperazine upper explosive limit (UEL)
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Upper explosive limit (UEL) | 14 % by volume | ICSC |
Piperazine vapor density
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vapor density | 3 (air = 1) | HSDB |
Piperazine critical temperature and pressure
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Critical temperature and pressure | 364.85 °C (688.7 °F) | HSDB |
Values compiled from PubChem Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary. Temperatures converted to Fahrenheit for reference.
08 · Fire and explosion
Piperazine fire and explosion behaviour
These are descriptions rather than measured values, so they are kept out of the table above and quoted here with the source that reported them.
Piperazine fire potential
Combustible when exposed to heat or flame.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
09 · Handling and storage
Piperazine storage and handling
Piperazine safe storage
Separated from strong acids, strong oxidants, acid anhydrides, metals and food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed.
Source: ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
Piperazine storage conditions
Piperazine must be stored to avoid contact with oxidizers (such as perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates, chlorates, and nitrates) since violent reactions occur. . Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where piperazine is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well vented area away form oxidizers. Where possible, automatically transfer material from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Wherever this chemical is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Piperazine incompatible materials
Violent reaction with strong oxidizers and dicyanofurazan. Incompatible with nitrogen compounds, carbon tetrachloride. Attacks aluminum, copper, nickel, magnesium, and zinc.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Piperazine reactivity
PIPERAZINE neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Absorbs carbon dioxide from the air, which can cause dry crystals to seem to melt. May generate hydrogen, a flammable gas, in combination with strong reducing agents such as hydrides. This compound is sensitive to light; it absorbs water and carbon dioxide from air. This compound may be corrosive to aluminum, magnesium and zinc. (NTP, 1992).
Source: CAMEO Chemicals
Planning storage for a mix of chemicals? Check Piperazine in the storage compatibility matrix →
10 · Transport
Piperazine UN number and transport classification
Transport classification is a separate system from the GHS classification above. It decides how a package is marked and how a load may be carried; it does not follow from the workplace label, and the workplace label does not follow from it. The entries below are linked by CAS number, never by name.
Piperazine under UN 2579 — shipping name, class and packing group
Europe · ADR 2025, Table A
| Proper shipping name (3.1.2) | Class | Classification code | PG | Labels (column 5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PIPERAZINE | 8 | C8 | III | |
Source: ADR 2025, Table A of Chapter 3.2 · ECE/TRANS/352 Vol. I (UNECE). Class 8 is “Corrosive substances” (ADR 2.1.1.1).
United States · 49 CFR 172.101 Hazardous Materials Table
| Proper shipping name (column 2) | Class or division | PG | Labels (column 6) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Piperazine | 8 | III | |
Source: 49 CFR 172.101 Hazardous Materials Table · eCFR, revision 2026-08-03. Class 8 is “Corrosive material” (49 CFR 173.2).
11 · Questions
Piperazine — frequently asked questions
What is the CAS number of Piperazine?
The CAS number of Piperazine is 110-85-0. Its EC number is 203-808-3.
What does a Piperazine label have to show?
Under CLP Annex VI the label for Piperazine carries the pictograms Corrosion and Health hazard and the signal word is Danger.
Is Piperazine flammable?
CLP Annex VI assigns Piperazine no flammability hazard class. That is not a statement that it cannot burn: the harmonised list only records the hazards that were assessed for it. The flash point reported for it is 107 °C (224.6 °F), Cleveland Open Cup (HSDB).
Is Piperazine a carcinogen?
CLP Annex VI records no harmonised carcinogenicity classification for Piperazine. Annex VI is a list of agreed classifications, not a list of substances found safe, so this is an absence of a classification rather than a clean bill of health.
What is the boiling point of Piperazine?
The boiling point reported for Piperazine is 146 °C (294.8 °F) (HSDB).
What is the melting point of Piperazine?
The melting point reported for Piperazine is 106 °C (222.8 °F) (HSDB).
How should Piperazine be stored?
Piperazine must be stored to avoid contact with oxidizers (such as perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates, chlorates, and nitrates) since violent reactions occur. . Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where piperazine is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well vented area away form oxidizers. Where possible, automatically transfer material from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Wherever this chemical is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings. (Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB))
Nearby
Substances next to Piperazine
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