Substance profile
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane is a colorless liquid with an odor is sweet, pungent or chloroform-like generally perceived as a slightly.
01 · Identification
What 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane is
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane is a colorless liquid with an odor is sweet, pungent or chloroform-like generally perceived as a slightly. Its molecular formula is C3H5ClO and its molecular weight is 92.52 g/mol. It boils at 118 °C, melts at -25.6 °C, is miscible with water.
Under the GHS it carries the signal word Danger. It is classed as hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs).
02 · Identifiers
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane identifiers and molecular data
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane CAS number and EC number
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane molecular formula and molecular weight
Other names for 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane
- epichlorhydrin
03 · GHS classification
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane hazard classification
Harmonised classification under CLP Annex VI. This is the legally binding classification in the EU; other jurisdictions may differ.
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane pictograms and signal word
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane hazard class and category
| Hazard class | Category | From code | Pictogram |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flammable liquids GHS chapter 2.6 | Category 3 | H226 | GHS02 |
| Acute toxicity - oral GHS chapter 3.1 | Category 3 | H301 | GHS06 |
| Acute toxicity - dermal GHS chapter 3.1 | Category 3 | H311 | GHS06 |
| Acute toxicity - inhalation GHS chapter 3.1 | Category 3 | H331 | GHS06 |
| Skin corrosion/irritation GHS chapter 3.2 | Category 1A or 1B or 1C | H314 | GHS05 |
| Skin sensitisation GHS chapter 3.4 | Category 1 or 1A or 1B | H317 | GHS07 |
| Carcinogenicity GHS chapter 3.6 | Category 1A or 1B | H350 | GHS08 |
Where two values are shown with “or”, the hazard statement is shared by more than one category or by more than one class, and the code alone does not say which. H272, for example, belongs to oxidising liquids and to oxidising solids — the physical state decides. The binding answer for a specific entry is in the CLP Annex VI table itself.
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane hazard statements (H-codes)
| Code | Hazard statement |
|---|---|
| H226 | Flammable liquid and vapour. |
| H350 | May cause cancer <state route of exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard>. |
| H331 | Toxic if inhaled. |
| H311 | Toxic in contact with skin. |
| H301 | Toxic if swallowed. |
| H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. |
| H317 | May cause an allergic skin reaction. |
This page lists only the codes assigned to 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane. The full reference lives on the hazard statements hub, the precautionary statements hub and the GHS pictograms hub.
Safety Data Sheet
Getting an SDS for 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane
A Safety Data Sheet is written for a product, not for a substance: the supplier of the grade you actually buy issues it, so two suppliers of 1-chloro-2,3-epoxyprop… issue two different sheets. That is why there is no single authoritative SDS for a substance to download — what there is, is the job of collecting the sheets for the products you hold and keeping them current as suppliers revise them.
04 · Precautionary statements
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane precautionary statements
CLP Annex VI assigns 22 precautionary statements to 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane. They are grouped the way a label groups them: what to do before handling, what to do when something has already happened, how to store it and how to dispose of it.
Prevention
What to do before and during handling so the hazard never happens.
Response
What to do once exposure, spillage or fire has already happened.
Reading the notation. … is a blank the supplier fills in — not a truncated sentence.· [square brackets] mark a part printed only when it applies.
05 · Names in the regulation
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane name in 23 EU languages
CLP Annex VI Part 3 is published in every language edition of the regulation, and the identification column is written out in each of them. Nothing below is translated by us: each line is the name as that edition prints it. Under Art. 18(2) the substance name from Annex VI is a lawful product identifier, so this is the wording to put on a label going to that market — and where the cell lists several designations, any one of them qualifies.
| Language | Name in CLP Annex VI Part 3 |
|---|---|
| Bulgarian български | 1-хлоро-2,3-епоксипропан епихлорхидрин |
| Spanish español | 1-Cloro-2,3-epoxipropano epiclorhidrina |
| Czech čeština | 1-chlor-2,3-epoxypropan epichlorhydrin |
| Danish dansk | 1-chlor-2,3-epoxypropan epichlorhydrin |
| German Deutsch | 1-Chlor-2,3-epoxypropan Epichlorhydrin |
| Estonian eesti | 1-kloro-2,3-epoksüpropaan epikloorhüdriin |
| Greek ελληνικά | 1-χλωρο-2,3-εποξυπροπάνιο επιχλωρυδρίνη |
| English English | 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane epichlorhydrin |
| French français | 1-chloro-2,3-époxypropane épichlorhydrine |
| Croatian hrvatski | 1-klor-2,3-epoksipropan epiklorhidrin |
| Italian italiano | 1-cloro-2,3-epossipropano epicloridrina |
| Latvian latviešu | 1-hlor-2,3-epoksipropāns epihlorhidrīns |
| Lithuanian lietuvių | 1-chlor-2,3-epoksipropanas epichlorhidrinas |
| Hungarian magyar | 1-klór-2,3-epoxipropán epiklórhidrin |
| Maltese Malti | 1-kloro-2,3-epossipropan epikloridrin |
| Dutch Nederlands | 1-chloor-2,3-epoxypropaan epichloorhydrine |
| Polish polski | 1-chloro-2,3-epoksypropan epichlorohydrynatlenek 2-chloropropylenu |
| Portuguese português | 1-cloro-2,3-epoxipropano epicloridrina |
| Romanian română | 1-cloro-2,3-epoxipropan epiclorhidrină |
| Slovak slovenčina | (chlórmetyl)oxirán epichlórhydrín |
| Slovenian slovenščina | 1-kloro-2,3-epoksipropan epiklorhidrin |
| Finnish suomi | epikloorihydriini 2,3-epoksi-1-klooripropaani |
| Swedish svenska | 1-klor-2,3-epoxipropan epiklorhydrin |
All 23 language editions of Annex VI carry this entry. Irish is the twenty-fourth official EU language and has no line here for a different reason: no consolidated CLP text has ever been published in Irish, so there is no Irish edition of Annex VI to quote a name from. Source: consolidated CLP, CELEX 02008R1272, language editions. © European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu — only the electronic Official Journal of the European Union is authentic.
06 · Label elements
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane GHS label elements
Everything CLP Annex VI fixes for 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane, laid out the way it appears on a label. The greyed lines are the parts only the supplier can fill in.
Danger
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane
- Flammable liquid and vapour.
- May cause cancer <state route of exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard>.
- Toxic if inhaled.
- Toxic in contact with skin.
- Toxic if swallowed.
- Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.
- May cause an allergic skin reaction.
- Obtain special instructions before use.
- Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.
- Keep container tightly closed.
- Use explosion-proof [electrical/ventilating/lighting/…] equipment.
- Use only non-sparking tools.
- Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
- Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
- Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
- Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
- Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
- Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection/hearing protection/…
- IF SWALLOWED:
- IF ON SKIN:
- IF INHALED:
- IF exposed or concerned:
- Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor/…
- Get medical advice/attention.
- Rinse mouth.
- Do NOT induce vomiting.
- If skin irritation or rash occurs:
- Wash with plenty of water/…
- Store in a well-ventilated place.
Supplier name, address and telephone number· Product identifier·Nominal quantity
Need this as an actual label? Open 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane in the GHS label constructor →
07 · Health hazards
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane health hazards and exposure limits
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane hazard summary
Epichlorohydrin is mainly used in the production of epoxy resins. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure to epichlorohydrin in the workplace has caused irritation to the eyes, respiratory tract, and skin of workers. At high levels of exposure, nausea, vomiting, cough, labored breathing, inflammation of the lung, pulmonary edema, and renal lesions may be observed in humans. Chronic (long-term) occupational exposure of humans to epichlorohydrin in air is associated with high levels of respiratory tract illness and hematological effects. Damage to the nasal passages, respiratory tract and kidneys have been observed in rodents exposed to epichlorohydrin by inhalation for acute or chronic duration. An increased incidence of tumors of the nasal cavity has been observed in rats exposed by inhalation. EPA has classified epichlorohydrin as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen.
Source: EPA Hazardous Air Pollutants
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane carcinogenicity classification
Cancer Classification: Group B2 Probable Human Carcinogen
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
CLASSIFICATION: B2; probable human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Human data are inadequate. Multiple studies in rats and mice administered epichlorohydrin by various routes were positive. As epichlorohydrin is a strong alkylating agent, tumors are produced at the site of application. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
An IARC group and a CLP classification answer different questions. IARC judges whether the evidence for cancer in humans is strong enough; CLP Annex VI is the legally binding EU classification. A substance can carry one and not the other.
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane occupational exposure limits
| Limit | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| PEL | 5.0 [ppm] | Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases |
| PEL | 5 ppm (19 mg/m³) | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) |
| PEL | TWA 5 ppm (19 mg/m3) [skin] See Appendix G | The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) |
| REL | Ca See Appendix A | The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) |
| IDLH | 75 ppm ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024) | CAMEO Chemicals |
| IDLH | 75.0 [ppm] | Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases |
| IDLH | NIOSH has recommended that epichlorohydrin be treated as a potential occupational carcinogen. | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) |
These are United States values. The European Union sets its own indicative and binding limits, and the figure that applies at a given workplace is the one in the local regulation — not the one shown here.
08 · Physical and chemical properties
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane properties
Every value is shown with the conditions it was measured under and the source it came from. Where sources disagree, all values are listed rather than one being picked — the difference is usually a different form of the substance, not an error.
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane boiling point
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boiling point | 117.9 °C (244.2 °F) | HSDB | |
| 116.67 °C (242 °F) | NIOSH | ||
| 116.5 °C (241.7 °F) | at 760 mmHg | CAMEO |
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane melting point
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Melting point | -25.6 °C (-14.1 °F) | HSDB | |
| -47.78 °C (-54 °F) | NIOSH | ||
| -48 °C (-54.4 °F) | ICSC |
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane density
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.18 g/cm³ | NIOSH | |
| 1.2 g/cm³ | ICSC | ||
| 1.175 g/cm³ | at 25 °C | HSDB |
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane solubility
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solubility | Miscible with most organic solvents | HSDB | |
| Miscible with alcohol, ether, chloroform, trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride; immiscible with petroleum hydrocarbons. | HSDB | ||
| In water, 6.59X10+4 mg/L at 25 °C | at 25 °C | HSDB |
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane vapor pressure
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vapor pressure | 13 mmHg | NIOSH | |
| 12.001 mmHg | at 20 °C | ICSC | |
| 16.4 mmHg | at 25 °C | HSDB |
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane flash point
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flash point | 31.11 °C (88 °F) | HSDB | |
| 33.89 °C (93 °F) | NIOSH |
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane autoignition temperature
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Autoignition temperature | 411.11 °C (772 °F) | HSDB | |
| 385 °C (725 °F) | ICSC |
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane lower explosive limit (LEL)
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower explosive limit (LEL) | 3.8 % by volume | HSDB |
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane upper explosive limit (UEL)
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Upper explosive limit (UEL) | 21 % by volume | HSDB |
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane vapor density
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vapor density | 3.29 (air = 1) | HSDB | |
| 3.2 (air = 1) | ICSC |
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane odor threshold
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Odor threshold | Sensory perception studies indicate that mean threshold for odor recognition is approximately 10 ppm ... @ 25 ppm it is recognized by majority of persons. | HSDB | |
| Human Odor Perception: non perception 0.2 mg/cu m; perception 0.3 mg/cu m | HSDB | ||
| Odor Threshold Low: 0.08 [ppm] | Haz-Map |
Values compiled from PubChem Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary. Temperatures converted to Fahrenheit for reference.
09 · Fire and explosion
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane fire and explosion behaviour
These are descriptions rather than measured values, so they are kept out of the table above and quoted here with the source that reported them.
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane fire potential
Flammable liquid when exposed to heat or flame.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
10 · Handling and storage
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane storage and handling
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane safe storage
Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, acids, bases, aluminium, zinc, amines and food and feedstuffs. Well closed.
Source: ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane storage conditions
Separate from acids, alkalies, salts, water, and oxidizers. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquids storage warehouse, room, or cabinet.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane incompatible materials
Strong oxidizers, strong acids, certain salts, caustics, zinc, aluminum, water [Note: May polymerize in presence of strong acids and bases particularly when hot.].
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane reactivity
1-CHLORO-2,3-EPOXYPROPANE may polymerize exothermically if heated or contaminated. Reacts explosively with aniline. Ignites on contact with potassium tert-butoxide. Reacts with trichloroethylene to give the explosive dichloroacetylene. Violent reaction with sulfuric acid or isopropylamine. Exothermic polymerization on contact with strong acids or bases, zinc, aluminum, aluminum chloride, iron, ferric chloride [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1469].
Source: CAMEO Chemicals
Planning storage for a mix of chemicals? Check 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane in the storage compatibility matrix →
11 · Transport
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane UN number and transport classification
Transport classification is a separate system from the GHS classification above. It decides how a package is marked and how a load may be carried; it does not follow from the workplace label, and the workplace label does not follow from it. The entries below are linked by CAS number, never by name.
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane under UN 1983 — shipping name, class and packing group
Europe · ADR 2025, Table A
| Proper shipping name (3.1.2) | Class | Classification code | PG | Labels (column 5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-CHLORO-2,2,2- TRIFLUOROETHANE (REFRIGERANT GAS R 133a) | 2 | 2A | — | |
Source: ADR 2025, Table A of Chapter 3.2 · ECE/TRANS/352 Vol. I (UNECE). Class 2 is “Gases” (ADR 2.1.1.1).
United States · 49 CFR 172.101 Hazardous Materials Table
| Proper shipping name (column 2) | Class or division | PG | Labels (column 6) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1-Chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane or Refrigerant gas R 133a | 2.2 | — | |
Source: 49 CFR 172.101 Hazardous Materials Table · eCFR, revision 2026-08-03. Class 2.2 is “Non-flammable compressed gas” (49 CFR 173.2).
12 · Questions
1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane — frequently asked questions
What is the CAS number of 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane?
The CAS number of 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane is 106-89-8. Its EC number is 203-439-8.
What is the chemical formula of 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane?
The molecular formula of 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane is C3H5ClO and its molecular weight is 92.52 g/mol.
What does a 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane label have to show?
Under CLP Annex VI the label for 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane carries the pictograms Flame, Skull and crossbones, Health hazard and Corrosion and the signal word is Danger.
Is 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane flammable?
Yes. CLP Annex VI assigns 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane H226 — flammable liquid and vapour. The flash point reported for it is 31.11 °C (88 °F) (HSDB).
Is 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane a carcinogen?
Yes. CLP Annex VI classifies 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane as a category 1A or 1B carcinogen and assigns it H350: may cause cancer. IARC places it in Group 2A: probably carcinogenic to humans.
What is the exposure limit for 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane?
The US occupational exposure limit reported for 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane is 5.0 [ppm] (Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases). Limits differ by country: the EU sets its own indicative and binding values, and the figure that applies at a given workplace is the one in the local regulation.
What is the boiling point of 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane?
The boiling point reported for 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane is 117.9 °C (244.2 °F) (HSDB).
What is the melting point of 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane?
The melting point reported for 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane is -25.6 °C (-14.1 °F) (HSDB).
How should 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane be stored?
CLP Annex VI assigns 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane the storage statement P403. Separate from acids, alkalies, salts, water, and oxidizers. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquids storage warehouse, room, or cabinet. (Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB))
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