Substance profile
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl is yellow needles from alc with a sweetish odor.
01 · Identification
What 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl is
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl is yellow needles from alc with a sweetish odor. Its molecular formula is C12H9NO2 and its molecular weight is 199.2 g/mol. It boils at 340 °C, melts at 114 °C, is practically insoluble in water.
Under the GHS it carries the signal word Danger. It is classed as hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs).
02 · Identifiers
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl identifiers and molecular data
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl CAS number and EC number
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl molecular formula and molecular weight
Other names for 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl
- 4-nitrobiphenyl
03 · GHS classification
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl hazard classification
Harmonised classification under CLP Annex VI. This is the legally binding classification in the EU; other jurisdictions may differ.
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl pictograms and signal word
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl hazard class and category
| Hazard class | Category | From code | Pictogram |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carcinogenicity GHS chapter 3.6 | Category 1A or 1B | H350 | GHS08 |
| Hazardous to the aquatic environment - chronic GHS chapter 4.1 | Category 2 | H411 | GHS09 |
Where two values are shown with “or”, the hazard statement is shared by more than one category or by more than one class, and the code alone does not say which. H272, for example, belongs to oxidising liquids and to oxidising solids — the physical state decides. The binding answer for a specific entry is in the CLP Annex VI table itself.
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl hazard statements (H-codes)
| Code | Hazard statement |
|---|---|
| H350 | May cause cancer <state route of exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard>. |
| H411 | Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. |
This page lists only the codes assigned to 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl. The full reference lives on the hazard statements hub, the precautionary statements hub and the GHS pictograms hub.
Safety Data Sheet
Getting an SDS for 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl
A Safety Data Sheet is written for a product, not for a substance: the supplier of the grade you actually buy issues it, so two suppliers of 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl issue two different sheets. That is why there is no single authoritative SDS for a substance to download — what there is, is the job of collecting the sheets for the products you hold and keeping them current as suppliers revise them.
04 · Precautionary statements
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl precautionary statements
CLP Annex VI assigns 7 precautionary statements to 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl. They are grouped the way a label groups them: what to do before handling, what to do when something has already happened, how to store it and how to dispose of it.
Prevention
What to do before and during handling so the hazard never happens.
Response
What to do once exposure, spillage or fire has already happened.
Disposal
What has to happen to the contents and the empty container.
Reading the notation. … is a blank the supplier fills in — not a truncated sentence.· [square brackets] mark a part printed only when it applies.
05 · Names in the regulation
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl name in 23 EU languages
CLP Annex VI Part 3 is published in every language edition of the regulation, and the identification column is written out in each of them. Nothing below is translated by us: each line is the name as that edition prints it. Under Art. 18(2) the substance name from Annex VI is a lawful product identifier, so this is the wording to put on a label going to that market — and where the cell lists several designations, any one of them qualifies.
| Language | Name in CLP Annex VI Part 3 |
|---|---|
| Bulgarian български | 4-нитробифенил |
| Spanish español | 4-Nitrobifenilo |
| Czech čeština | 4-nitrobifenyl |
| Danish dansk | 4-nitrobiphenyl |
| German Deutsch | 4-Nitrobiphenyl |
| Estonian eesti | 4-nitrobifenüül |
| Greek ελληνικά | 4-νιτροδιφαινύλιο |
| English English | 4-nitrobiphenyl |
| French français | 4-nitrobiphényle |
| Croatian hrvatski | 4-nitrobifenil |
| Italian italiano | 4-nitrobifenile |
| Latvian latviešu | 4-nitrobifenils |
| Lithuanian lietuvių | 4-nitrobifenilas |
| Hungarian magyar | 4-nitrobifenil |
| Maltese Malti | 4-nitrobifenil |
| Dutch Nederlands | 4-nitrobifenyl |
| Polish polski | 4-nitrobifenyl |
| Portuguese português | 4-nitrobifenilo |
| Romanian română | 4-nitrobifenil |
| Slovak slovenčina | 4-nitrobifenyl |
| Slovenian slovenščina | 4-nitrobifenil |
| Finnish suomi | 4-nitrobifenyyli |
| Swedish svenska | 4-nitrobifenyl |
All 23 language editions of Annex VI carry this entry. Irish is the twenty-fourth official EU language and has no line here for a different reason: no consolidated CLP text has ever been published in Irish, so there is no Irish edition of Annex VI to quote a name from. Source: consolidated CLP, CELEX 02008R1272, language editions. © European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu — only the electronic Official Journal of the European Union is authentic.
06 · Label elements
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl GHS label elements
Everything CLP Annex VI fixes for 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl, laid out the way it appears on a label. The greyed lines are the parts only the supplier can fill in.
Danger
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl
- May cause cancer <state route of exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard>.
- Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
- Obtain special instructions before use.
- Avoid release to the environment.
- Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection/hearing protection/…
- IF exposed or concerned:
- Get medical advice/attention.
- Collect spillage.
- Dispose of contents/container to …
Supplier name, address and telephone number· Product identifier·Nominal quantity
Need this as an actual label? Open 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl in the GHS label constructor →
07 · Health hazards
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl health hazards and exposure limits
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl hazard summary
4-Nitrobiphenyl is no longer manufactured or used in the United States. Limited information is available on the health effects of 4-nitrobiphenyl. Acute (short-term) exposure to 4-nitrobiphenyl in humans results in irritation of the eyes, mucous membranes, and respiratory tract, and headache, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. Chronic (long-term) exposure to high concentrations of 4-nitrobiphenyl in workers has resulted in effects on the peripheral and central nervous systems and the liver and kidney. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of 4-nitrobiphenyl in humans. EPA has not classified 4-nitrobiphenyl for carcinogenicity.
Source: EPA Hazardous Air Pollutants
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl carcinogenicity classification
No data are available in humans. Inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 3: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
An IARC group and a CLP classification answer different questions. IARC judges whether the evidence for cancer in humans is strong enough; CLP Annex VI is the legally binding EU classification. A substance can carry one and not the other.
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl occupational exposure limits
| Limit | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| PEL | Ca | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) |
| PEL | [1910.1003] See Appendix B | The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) |
| REL | Ca See Appendix A | The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) |
| IDLH | A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024) | CAMEO Chemicals |
| IDLH | NIOSH has recommended that 4-nitrobiphenyl be treated as a potential human carcinogen. | Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) |
| IDLH | Ca [N.D.] | The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) |
These are United States values. The European Union sets its own indicative and binding limits, and the figure that applies at a given workplace is the one in the local regulation — not the one shown here.
08 · Physical and chemical properties
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl properties
Every value is shown with the conditions it was measured under and the source it came from. Where sources disagree, all values are listed rather than one being picked — the difference is usually a different form of the substance, not an error.
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl boiling point
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boiling point | 340 °C (644 °F) | at 760 mmHg | HSDB |
| 340 °C (644 °F) | NIOSH |
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl melting point
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Melting point | 114 °C (237.2 °F) | HSDB | |
| 113.89 °C (237 °F) | NIOSH |
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl solubility
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solubility | SOL IN ETHER, BENZENE, CHLOROFORM, ACETIC ACID | HSDB | |
| SLIGHTLY SOL IN COLD ALC | HSDB | ||
| Insoluble | NIOSH |
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl flash point
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flash point | 143.33 °C (290 °F) | NIOSH | |
| 143 °C (289.4 °F) | ICSC |
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl lower explosive limit (LEL)
| Property | Value | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower explosive limit (LEL) | Combustible Solid | NIOSH |
Values compiled from PubChem Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary. Temperatures converted to Fahrenheit for reference.
09 · Handling and storage
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl storage and handling
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl safe storage
Separated from strong reducing agents. Well closed.
Source: ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl incompatible materials
Strong reducers.
Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl reactivity
4-NITROBIPHENYL is incompatible with the following: Strong reducers (NIOSH, 2024).
Source: CAMEO Chemicals
Planning storage for a mix of chemicals? Check 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl in the storage compatibility matrix →
10 · Questions
4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl — frequently asked questions
What is the CAS number of 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl?
The CAS number of 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl is 92-93-3. Its EC number is 202-204-7.
What is the chemical formula of 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl?
The molecular formula of 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl is C12H9NO2 and its molecular weight is 199.2 g/mol.
What does a 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl label have to show?
Under CLP Annex VI the label for 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl carries the pictograms Health hazard and Environment and the signal word is Danger.
Is 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl flammable?
CLP Annex VI assigns 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl no flammability hazard class. That is not a statement that it cannot burn: the harmonised list only records the hazards that were assessed for it. The flash point reported for it is 143.33 °C (290 °F) (NIOSH).
Is 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl a carcinogen?
Yes. CLP Annex VI classifies 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl as a category 1A or 1B carcinogen and assigns it H350: may cause cancer. IARC places it in Group 3: not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.
What is the exposure limit for 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl?
The US occupational exposure limit reported for 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl is Ca (Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)). Limits differ by country: the EU sets its own indicative and binding values, and the figure that applies at a given workplace is the one in the local regulation.
What is the boiling point of 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl?
The boiling point reported for 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl is 340 °C (644 °F), at 760 mmHg (HSDB).
What is the melting point of 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl?
The melting point reported for 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl is 114 °C (237.2 °F) (HSDB).
Nearby
Substances next to 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl
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